Tyhjenemishäiriön

Tyhjenemishäiriö, known in English as defecation disorder, is a medical term encompassing a range of difficulties with the process of emptying the bowels. It is not a single disease but rather a functional problem where the coordinated actions required for successful defecation are impaired. This can manifest in various ways, including the inability to pass stool, a sensation of incomplete evacuation, or the need for manual maneuvers to facilitate bowel movements.

The causes of tyhjenemishäiriö are diverse and can be broadly categorized into several types. Pelvic floor dysfunction is a common culprit, where the muscles of the pelvic floor do not relax properly during defecation or are uncoordinated. This can include issues like anismus, where the anal sphincter muscles contract involuntarily, or rectocele, a bulging of the rectum into the vagina. Other contributing factors can involve neurological conditions that affect bowel control, such as spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, or Parkinson's disease. Chronic constipation, particularly if severe and long-standing, can also lead to secondary defecation disorders. In some cases, the underlying cause may be related to anatomical abnormalities or even psychological factors influencing bowel habits.

Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and often specialized tests. These may include anorectal manometry to assess muscle function, defecography to visualize the emptying process, and sometimes a colonic transit study to evaluate how quickly stool moves through the intestines. Treatment strategies are tailored to the specific type and severity of the disorder. They can range from conservative measures like dietary modifications, increased fluid intake, and behavioral therapies to pelvic floor physical therapy. In some instances, surgical interventions may be considered for structural issues.