Turningrelated

Turningrelated is a term used in technical and encyclopedic contexts to denote topics associated with turning, a manufacturing process in which a cutting tool removes material from a rotating workpiece. The term covers metalworking turning and woodturning, as well as computer numerical control (CNC) and manual operations, and is used in both industrial production and artisanal crafts.

Core operations include external turning, internal turning, facing, chamfering, grooving, threading, parting off, and knurling. In metalworking, lathes and CNC lathes perform these operations; in woodturning, specialized lathes and chisels are used. Tooling encompasses high-speed steel, carbide, and ceramic inserts with selective geometries for different materials. Workpiece materials range from soft woods to hard steels, each requiring appropriate speeds, feeds, and depth of cut.

Key process parameters are cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut, combined with spindle speed and tooling geometry. Coolants or lubricants may be employed to control heat and prolong tool life. Quality considerations include dimensional tolerances, concentricity, surface finish, and geometric tolerances. Standards and inspection practices are used to verify conformity.

Variants of turning include dry turning, turning with flood or mist cooling, and multi-axis or CNC turning, including live tooling. The term also appears in broader manufacturing contexts as a part of process documentation, training, and classification schemes. See also turning (manufacturing), CNC turning, woodturning.