Tunnelbanor

Tunnelbanor, plural of tunnelbana, are a type of rapid transit system built to move large numbers of people quickly within urban areas. They are characterized by high capacity, frequent service and a high degree of grade separation from other traffic. In many cities a substantial portion of the network runs underground, which is why the term tunnelbana is commonly used in Swedish. The systems are typically electric and powered by a third rail or overhead line, with trains running on dedicated rights-of-way to minimize interaction with road and street traffic.

Rolling stock consists of electric multiple units that can form long trains and operate with frequent headways. Stations are designed to handle large passenger volumes and provide efficient transfer options, with features such as level access, clear signage, and step-free paths where possible. Signaling systems range from traditional fixed-block control to modern automatic train control and communications-based train surveillance to increase reliability and safety. Maintenance facilities and yards support routine servicing, cleaning and repairs.

Historically, the idea of underground urban railways emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and expanded globally in the 20th century as cities grew and traffic congestion increased. Today, most tunnelbanor are operated by public or regional transit authorities and serve as essential infrastructure for daily commuting, connecting central districts with suburbs, business districts, and airports.

In Sweden, the term tunnelbana is commonly used for Stockholm’s metro system, while other countries may refer to similar networks as metro, underground, or subway. The core purpose across systems is to provide fast, reliable, and efficient urban transport with a focus on safety and accessibility.