Tumormiljø

Tumormiljø, also known as the tumor microenvironment (TME), refers to the complex ecosystem surrounding a tumor. This environment is not just made up of cancer cells; it also includes a variety of non-cancerous cells, molecules, and extracellular matrix components. These elements interact with the tumor cells in intricate ways, influencing tumor growth, progression, and response to therapy.

Key components of the tumormiljø include immune cells such as lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. These cells can either suppress or promote tumor growth, depending on their specific type and activation state. Fibroblasts, particularly cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), are another significant component, contributing to tumor stroma formation, immune modulation, and promoting invasion. Blood vessels and lymphatic vessels are also crucial, providing nutrients and oxygen to the tumor and facilitating metastasis.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural support but also plays an active role in regulating cell behavior within the TME. Molecules like growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines are secreted by various cells within the TME, creating signaling networks that influence tumor cell proliferation, survival, and migration.

Understanding the tumormiljø is critical for developing effective cancer treatments. Therapies that target specific components of the TME, such as immunotherapy that harnesses the immune system to fight cancer, or anti-angiogenic drugs that starve tumors by blocking blood vessel formation, are increasingly important in oncology. The complex interactions within the TME highlight the need for personalized and multi-faceted treatment approaches.