Tulehtumista

Tulehtumista, often translated as inflammation, is a fundamental biological response of the body's immune system to harmful stimuli. These stimuli can include pathogens like bacteria and viruses, damaged cells, or irritants. The primary purpose of inflammation is to protect the body by removing the initial cause of cell injury, clearing out necrotic cells and tissues damaged from the original insult and the inflammatory process, and initiating tissue repair.

The characteristic signs of acute inflammation, often observed at the site of injury or infection, include redness (rubor), heat (calor), swelling (tumor), pain (dolor), and loss of function (functio laesa). These signs are caused by a complex interplay of cellular and molecular events. Blood vessels dilate, increasing blood flow to the area, which contributes to redness and heat. Increased vascular permeability allows fluid and plasma proteins, as well as white blood cells, to leak into the surrounding tissues, leading to swelling. Pain can result from the release of chemical mediators that stimulate nerve endings and from the pressure of swelling.

Inflammation can be classified as acute or chronic. Acute inflammation is a rapid, short-term response, typically resolving within minutes to days. Chronic inflammation, however, is a prolonged, persistent response that can last for weeks, months, or even years. While inflammation is a crucial defense mechanism, chronic or excessive inflammation can contribute to a wide range of diseases, including arthritis, heart disease, and autoimmune disorders. Treatment strategies often focus on managing the underlying cause and modulating the inflammatory response.