Tubalisaatio

Tubalisaatio, often referred to as tubal ligation or permanent sterilization, is a medical procedure designed to prevent pregnancy by occluding the fallopian tubes. By blocking the path of sperm to the egg, fertilization is prevented. It is typically chosen by people who want a long‑term, non-hormonal contraception method and who do not plan future pregnancies.

The procedure is usually performed as a surgical operation. Common approaches include laparoscopy, where small incisions and a camera guide the placement of occlusion devices such as clips, bands, or rings, or coagulation to seal the tubes. In some cases, a small open surgery (minilaparotomy) is used. A less common, hysteroscopic method inserts devices through the cervix to cause tubal blockage. In recent years, some individuals opt for salpingectomy, the surgical removal of the fallopian tubes, which also provides permanent contraception and may reduce ovarian cancer risk.

Tubalisaatio is considered highly effective, with a failure rate of well below 1%. It is intended to be permanent; while reversal is possible in some cases, it is complex, not always successful, and pregnancy after sterilization is not guaranteed. If pregnancy occurs after sterilization, it can carry higher risks, including a greater chance of ectopic pregnancy.

Risks are generally low but can include adverse reactions to anesthesia, infection, bleeding, or damage to surrounding organs. The procedure does not protect against sexually transmitted infections, so other protective measures may still be necessary for STI prevention.