Truncálás

Truncálás, also known as truncation, is a mathematical operation that involves shortening a number by removing a certain number of digits from its end. This is typically done without regard to the value of the removed digits. For example, truncating the number 3.14159 to two decimal places would result in 3.14. The digits '159' are simply discarded.

Truncation differs from rounding, where the last kept digit is adjusted based on the value of the first removed digit. In rounding, 3.14159 to two decimal places would remain 3.14, but if the number were 3.14759, rounding would result in 3.15, whereas truncation would still yield 3.14.

The concept of truncation is widely used in various fields, including computer science and numerical analysis. In programming, when converting a floating-point number to an integer type, truncation is often the default behavior. For instance, in many programming languages, casting a variable like `float x = 3.9;` to an integer type `int y;` will result in `y` having the value 3, not 4.

Truncation can also be applied to sequences or strings, where a portion is removed from the beginning or end. This is often seen in text processing, where long strings might be truncated to fit a specific display area or character limit. The method of truncation, whether from the beginning, end, or a specific point, is usually specified by context.