Trombosyyttopenia

Thrombocytopenia is a medical condition characterized by a lower-than-normal number of platelets in the blood. Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are small, irregular-shaped cells that play a crucial role in blood clotting. When their count is insufficient, individuals may experience an increased risk of bleeding.

The normal range for platelet count in adults is typically between 150,000 and 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood. Thrombocytopenia is generally defined as a platelet count below 150,000 per microliter. The severity of thrombocytopenia can vary, ranging from mild to life-threatening.

Causes of thrombocytopenia are diverse and can include decreased production of platelets by the bone marrow, increased destruction of platelets in the bloodstream, or sequestration of platelets in the spleen. Medical conditions such as certain infections, autoimmune disorders like lupus, leukemia, aplastic anemia, and side effects from medications or chemotherapy can lead to thrombocytopenia. Nutritional deficiencies, such as a lack of vitamin B12 or folate, can also contribute.

Symptoms of thrombocytopenia can range from none to noticeable bleeding. Mild cases may not present with any outward signs. However, more severe cases can manifest as easy or excessive bruising, prolonged bleeding from cuts, nosebleeds, bleeding gums, petechiae (small, pinpoint red or purple spots on the skin), and heavy menstrual bleeding. In critical situations, internal bleeding can occur, which is a medical emergency. Diagnosis involves a blood test called a complete blood count (CBC). Treatment strategies depend on the underlying cause and severity of the condition and may include addressing the root cause, platelet transfusions, or medications to stimulate platelet production.