Trifenilfoszfát

Trifenilfoszfát, often abbreviated as TPP, is an organophosphorus compound with the chemical formula (C₆H₅)₃PO₄. It is a white solid at room temperature and is characterized by its low volatility. TPP is synthesized through the reaction of phosphorus oxychloride with phenol. Its primary industrial application has been as a flame retardant, particularly in plastics such as cellulose acetate and PVC, as well as in lacquers, explosives, and synthetic resins. It functions by interfering with the combustion process in the gas phase.

Beyond its flame-retardant properties, TPP has also been used as a plasticizer to improve the flexibility and durability of certain polymers. It has found use in the manufacturing of certain types of adhesives, coatings, and even as a component in some hydraulic fluids. Historically, it was also employed as an antimicrobial agent and a component in some pesticides, although these uses have largely been discontinued due to environmental and health concerns.

Environmental studies have detected TPP in various environmental matrices, including water, soil, and air, as well as in indoor dust samples. Its presence is largely attributed to its widespread industrial use and its slow degradation rate. Concerns regarding its potential environmental persistence and possible ecotoxicity have led to increased scrutiny and, in some regions, restrictions on its use. Regulatory bodies in several countries have evaluated TPP's safety profile, leading to changes in its application and management.