Transzpiráció

Transzpiráció is the process by which moisture is carried through plants from roots to small pores on the underside of leaves, called stomata, where it changes to vapor and is released to the atmosphere. It is essentially evaporation of water from plant leaves. This process is vital for plants as it helps in the uptake of water and minerals from the soil and also plays a role in cooling the plant.

The rate of transzpiráció is influenced by several environmental factors. Light intensity, temperature, humidity, and wind speed all play significant roles. For instance, higher temperatures and light intensity generally increase the rate of transzpiráció, as does wind, which can remove humid air from the leaf surface. Conversely, high humidity reduces the rate.

While transzpiráció is essential for plant survival, excessive water loss can be detrimental, especially in arid environments. Plants have evolved various adaptations to regulate transzpiráció, such as closing their stomata during dry periods or at night, or developing smaller leaves with thicker cuticles. Understanding transzpiráció is crucial in fields like agriculture and ecology, as it directly impacts water use efficiency and plant productivity. The water lost through transzpiráció is a major component of the terrestrial water cycle.