Transzdukcióját

Transzdukcióját refers to the process of transduction in biology. Transduction is a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer where bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) are involved in the transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another. This process can occur in two main ways: generalized transduction and specialized transduction. In generalized transduction, during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage, fragments of the host bacterium's DNA are mistakenly packaged into new phage particles instead of phage DNA. When these phages infect a new bacterium, they inject the bacterial DNA they carry, potentially leading to the recipient cell acquiring new genes. Specialized transduction occurs when a temperate bacteriophage, which integrates its DNA into the host chromosome (prophage), is induced to enter the lytic cycle. Upon excision from the host chromosome, the phage DNA may sometimes carry adjacent bacterial genes. These genes are then replicated and packaged into new phage particles and transferred to recipient bacteria. Transduction plays a significant role in bacterial evolution by facilitating the spread of genes, including those conferring antibiotic resistance or virulence factors, among bacterial populations. It is also a valuable tool in molecular biology for genetic engineering and research.