Translokasjonen

Translokasjonen is a term used in genetics to describe a type of chromosomal abnormality where a segment of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to a different chromosome. This can occur between homologous chromosomes (those that pair up during meiosis) or non-homologous chromosomes. If the exchange of genetic material is equal and no genetic information is lost or gained, it is called a reciprocal translocation. If a chromosome segment is transferred from one chromosome to another without an equal exchange, it is called a non-reciprocal translocation. These rearrangements can arise spontaneously during cell division or be inherited from a parent who carries a balanced translocation. While balanced translocations often have no observable effect on the individual carrying them, they can lead to an increased risk of producing offspring with unbalanced chromosomal complements, resulting in genetic disorders or developmental abnormalities. Unbalanced translocations, where there is a net gain or loss of genetic material, almost always have significant consequences for the organism's health and development. Identifying translocations is typically done through cytogenetic analysis, such as karyotyping or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).