Transientöverspänningar

Transientöverspänningar, often referred to as transient voltages or surges, are brief, sudden increases in voltage above the normal operating level. These surges can be significantly higher than the nominal voltage and can last for very short durations, typically in microseconds or milliseconds. They are a common phenomenon in electrical systems and can originate from various sources, both internal and external to a facility.

Internal sources of transientöverspänningar include the switching of inductive loads, such as motors, transformers, and fluorescent lighting ballasts. When these devices are turned on or off, the magnetic fields associated with them collapse or build up rapidly, inducing voltage spikes. Other internal events like the operation of surge protectors themselves or the activation of other electrical equipment can also contribute.

External sources are primarily lightning strikes. A direct strike on a building or power line can inject massive amounts of energy into the electrical system, causing severe transientöverspänningar. Even indirect strikes, where lightning strikes nearby, can induce significant voltage surges due to electromagnetic coupling. Other external sources include utility switching operations and the switching of heavy industrial loads on the power grid.

The impact of transientöverspänningar on electrical and electronic equipment can range from minor disruptions to catastrophic failure. Sensitive electronic components, such as microprocessors, integrated circuits, and power supplies, are particularly vulnerable to these sudden voltage spikes. Damage can manifest as premature component degradation, data corruption, or complete equipment burnout. Consequently, measures to mitigate transientöverspänningar, such as surge protective devices (SPDs), are essential for ensuring the reliability and longevity of electrical systems and the equipment connected to them.