Transformatorwicklungen

The term Transformatorw... appears truncated; this article covers the transformer concept in electrical engineering. A transformer is a passive device that transfers electrical energy between circuits through electromagnetic induction. It typically consists of one or more windings—primary and secondary—wrapped around a magnetic core made of laminated material.

When an alternating voltage is applied to the primary, a changing magnetic flux induces a voltage in the secondary proportional to the turns ratio, enabling voltage transformation without direct electrical contact. In an ideal transformer, input power equals output power, with losses accounting for a small difference. The turns ratio (Np/Ns) determines the voltage transformation, while current is inversely related to the voltage change. Frequency, core material, and winding design influence losses and regulation.

Common types include power transformers for high-voltage transmission, distribution transformers for stepping down voltages at substations, isolation transformers that provide galvanic isolation, autotransformers that share windings, and instrument or audio transformers used for sensing and impedance matching. Transformers may be designed for specific applications, such as low-frequency power systems or high-frequency signal circuits.

Construction details typically involve a laminated steel core to minimize eddy currents, copper or aluminum windings insulated from each other, and an enclosure with insulation and cooling. Cooling methods range from natural air to oil or forced cooling, depending on power rating.

Performance is characterized by efficiency, often above 95% under load, and voltage regulation affected by core and copper losses, leakage inductance, and impedance. Applications span power grids, industrial equipment, consumer electronics, and audio systems. Safety standards govern insulation, grounding, and installation practices.