Tragwerken

Tragwerk, in construction and structural engineering, refers to the load-bearing framework of a building or other construction. It includes all elements that transfer loads from the structure to the ground and ensure stability, safety, and serviceability. The Tragwerk comprises vertical load-resisting elements and horizontal or lateral-resisting elements, as well as the foundations.

Main components are foundations (Fundamente), vertical elements such as columns (Stützen) and load-bearing walls (Tragwände), and horizontal elements such as beams (Träger) and slabs (Decken). The roof structure and floor assemblies also contribute. The behavior of the Tragwerk depends on the connections, continuity, and stiffness distribution between elements.

Structural systems vary. Massivbau uses load-bearing walls or solid elements; Rahmenbau relies on a frame of columns and beams; Skelettbau and hybrid combinations mix these approaches. The choice influences construction method, fire resistance, durability, and adaptability to changes in use.

Design and regulation: Structural engineers analyze loads—dead loads, live loads, wind and seismic actions—and perform structural analysis to ensure safety and serviceability. Design follows standards such as Eurocodes and national supplements, with emphasis on redundancy and robustness to address unexpected loads.

Materials: Common Tragwerk materials include reinforced concrete, steel, timber, and composites. Material properties, detailing, and connections determine strength, stiffness, ductility, and fire performance. The choice depends on span, usage, climate, and construction practice.

Maintenance and assessment: Over time, joints and connections may degrade or settlement can occur. Retrofitting, strengthening, or underpinning may be necessary to preserve safe and functional performance.