Tragwerk

Tragwerk refers to the load-bearing system of a building or other construction. It comprises the elements that transfer loads to the ground, including columns, beams, slabs, walls, and diaphragms, as well as the connections between them. The Tragwerk is designed to carry vertical loads—such as dead loads from the structure itself and live loads from occupancy—as well as horizontal loads from wind and seismic action, while maintaining stability and serviceability under changing conditions.

Common Tragwerks typologies include frame structures (rigid frames of columns and beams), braced frames, and shear-wall systems for horizontal resistance, as well as truss and lattice systems for slender or long-span configurations. Materials used for Tragwerk work include reinforced concrete, steel, timber, and masonry. The choice depends on span, architectural intent, climate, budget, and local codes and construction practices.

Design and analysis of a Tragwerk involve determining static and dynamic response, modeling loads and constraints, and ensuring safety margins. Engineers use methods ranging from statics to finite-element analysis, and codes such as Eurocodes or national standards to check strength, stability, and serviceability. Important considerations include connections and joints, redundancy, durability, deflection limits, and crack control.

Historically, Tragwerk evolved from timber post-and-beam and masonry arches to modern steel frames and reinforced concrete skeletons, enabling tall buildings and long-span roofs. In addition to buildings, the term can also describe the supporting framework of other structures or installations, such as stage rigging, where a separate safety-critical system governs loads and connections.