Tomográfiák

Tomográfiák, often referred to as tomographic imaging, are a group of medical imaging techniques used to create cross-sectional images of the body. The word "tomography" originates from the Greek words "tomos" meaning "slice" and "graphein" meaning "to write." Instead of producing a single, flat image like conventional radiography, tomographic methods capture multiple images from different angles and then use computer processing to reconstruct these into detailed, two-dimensional or even three-dimensional views of internal structures.

The most common types of tomographic imaging include computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CT scans utilize X-rays to generate cross-sectional images, differentiating tissues based on their density and how they absorb X-radiation. MRI, on the other hand, employs strong magnetic fields and radio waves to excite hydrogen atoms within the body's tissues. The signals emitted by these atoms are then detected and processed to create highly detailed images, particularly effective for visualizing soft tissues.

Other tomographic techniques exist, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), which are functional imaging methods. These techniques use radioactive tracers to visualize metabolic activity or blood flow within organs and tissues, providing information about physiological processes rather than just anatomical structure. Tomographic imaging has revolutionized medical diagnosis and treatment planning across a wide range of specialties.