Tolmukaitse

Tolmukaitse is an Estonian term for dust protection in the workplace. It refers to the range of measures aimed at reducing workers’ exposure to airborne particulates, with the goal of preventing respiratory and other health effects caused by dust.

The protection strategy follows the hazard-control hierarchy: primary engineering controls such as process enclosure, local exhaust ventilation, and water or dust suppression to remove or capture dust at its source; administrative controls including work procedures, scheduling, and training to minimize exposure; and personal protective equipment such as respirators when residual exposure remains. Selection of respirators is based on the type of dust and exposure level, and must comply with national and European standards. Ongoing monitoring of dust levels, medical surveillance when required, and worker education are components of tolmukaitse.

Dust exposure can cause diseases such as pneumoconiosis, chronic bronchitis, and irritant effects on eyes and skin, with risks depending on dust type (for example silica, coal, or wood dust). To manage these risks, many countries set occupational exposure limits and require exposure assessment, measurement, and reporting. Industries commonly applying tolmukaitse include mining, construction, woodworking, metalworking, agriculture, and food processing.

Effective tolmukaitse relies on a risk assessment, appropriate control measures, regular evaluation of their effectiveness, and worker involvement. It is governed by national occupational safety legislation and by European Union directives that address workplace health and safety and particulate exposure.