Toleranssivuorointi

Toleranssivuorointi, also known as tolerance allocation or tolerance budgeting, is a method used in engineering and manufacturing to manage the cumulative effect of tolerances in an assembly. When multiple parts are assembled, each with its own manufacturing tolerances, the sum of these individual tolerances can result in a larger overall variation in the final assembly than is acceptable. Toleranssivuorointi is a systematic approach to distributing or allocating tolerances among the components of an assembly in such a way that the overall assembly tolerance is met while allowing for practical and cost-effective manufacturing of individual parts.

The process typically involves analyzing the critical dimensions of an assembly and determining how each part contributes to the overall variation. Statistical methods, such as Root Sum of Squares (RSS) or Monte Carlo simulations, are often employed to predict the likely variation in the assembly based on the allocated tolerances. This analysis helps engineers understand the sensitivity of the assembly to variations in each part and identify which tolerances are most critical to control.

By carefully allocating tolerances, engineers can avoid unnecessarily tight tolerances on non-critical components, which can significantly increase manufacturing costs. Conversely, critical dimensions can be assigned tighter tolerances where necessary. The goal is to achieve a balance between functional requirements, manufacturability, and cost. Effective toleranssivuorointi can lead to improved product quality, reduced scrap rates, and lower production expenses. It is a key aspect of robust design and concurrent engineering practices.