Tiraz

Tiraz refers to a calligraphic inscription on textiles that was popular in the Islamic world from the 8th to the 18th centuries. These inscriptions often featured verses from the Quran, poetry, or the names and titles of rulers. Tiraz textiles were not only decorative but also served as a form of royal patronage and a means of asserting authority. The production of tiraz was often state-controlled, with workshops producing textiles for the caliphs and other elites. The designs and quality of tiraz varied greatly depending on the region and the period. Early tiraz often featured simpler, geometric patterns, while later examples incorporated more elaborate floral motifs and intricate calligraphy. The colors used also evolved, with reds, blues, and greens being common in earlier periods, and richer hues like gold and silver becoming more prevalent later on. Tiraz textiles have been found in various archaeological sites across the Islamic world, from Spain to Central Asia, offering valuable insights into the art, culture, and political landscape of these societies. The term "tiraz" itself is believed to have Persian origins, meaning "embroidery" or "decoration." The practice of inscribing textiles with such texts declined with the rise of new artistic and political trends, but it left a significant legacy in the history of Islamic textile art.