Tiitlid

Tiitlid is the Estonian term for nipples, the small protrusions on the chest or breast that surround the openings of the lactiferous ducts. They are present in both sexes, though they become functionally central for lactation in females. Each tiitel sits on the areola, the pigmented skin around the nipple, which often contains sebaceous glands known as Montgomery glands.

Anatomy and structure: The nipple itself contains multiple tiny openings through which milk can be delivered during lactation. The surrounding areola may be darker and can house small glands that help lubricate the skin. Under the skin, ducts and smooth muscle support the nipple’s erection in response to tactile or cold stimuli. In females, the breast tissue also includes lobes and ducts that channel milk to the nipple, a system that develops and becomes active during pregnancy and postpartum.

Development and function: Nipples develop before birth and are present in both sexes from early infancy. Hormonal changes at puberty enlarge and reshape breast and nipple tissue in females. During pregnancy, hormones prepare the breast for milk production, and after birth the milk let-down reflex is triggered by infant suckling, enabling feeding.

Variations and health considerations: Nipples vary widely in size, shape, color, and orientation. Inverted nipples, uneven pigmentation, or changes in shape can occur naturally. Common breast health topics related to tiitlid include lactation, nipple tenderness or cracking during breastfeeding, and the evaluation of persistent nipple discharge, lumps, or skin changes by a clinician. Overall, tiitlid are a normal anatomical feature with functional variation across individuals.