Tightening

Tightening refers to the act of increasing the tightness or compression of an object or system. In engineering and construction, tightening usually means applying force to fasteners, clamps, or joints to achieve a specified clamping preload. In economics and policy, tightening describes measures that reduce liquidity or demand to curb inflation or stabilize the economy.

Mechanical tightening: Common in assemblies using bolts or screws, tightening is achieved by applying torque to achieve a target preload. Torque depends on thread form, lubrication, and surface condition. Tools include torque wrenches and power tools, sometimes hydraulic or pneumatic. Proper tightening prevents loosening, leaks, and structural failure, while over-tightening can strip threads, cause bolt head failure, or deform components. Practices include cleaning threads, applying the correct lubricant, and following manufacturer torque specifications.

Economic tightening: Conditioning measures include higher policy rates, higher reserve requirements, or limits on lending and credit growth. Central banks and governments may also engage in balance sheet reduction, sometimes called quantitative tightening. The aim is to reduce inflation, cool overheated demand, and lower risk from excessive leverage. Side effects can include slower economic growth and higher borrowing costs for businesses and households.

In professional practice, tightening is documented through specifications, torque charts, or policy communications to inform safe and predictable outcomes.