Ti3

Ti3 is a shorthand used in chemistry to denote titanium in the +3 oxidation state, i.e., titanium(III). It is less common than titanium(IV) but forms a variety of compounds and coordination complexes. The Ti3+ ion has a single electron in the 3d orbitals, giving a d1 configuration.

This electronic arrangement makes Ti3+ paramagnetic (S = 1/2) and prone to oxidation to Ti4+, especially in air or with oxidizing solvents. Ti3+ salts and complexes are typically prepared under strictly anoxic conditions using reducing agents such as zinc, magnesium, or sodium ascorbate, and they are sensitive to moisture.

In solid-state materials, Ti3+ centers occur as defects or dopants in titanium oxides and titanates, such as reduced TiO2 (TiO2−x). These centers can impart color changes, influence electronic conductivity, and affect photocatalytic activity by introducing states within the band gap.

In coordination chemistry and synthesis, Ti3+ forms various complexes with ligands, including halides, alkoxides, and organometallic ligands. Titanium trichloride (TiCl3) and related salts are common Ti(III) sources; these species are typically air- and moisture-sensitive and used as mild reducing agents in organic synthesis and in materials preparation.