Thaumetopoeins

Thaumetopoeins are a group of toxic peptides found in the caterpillars of certain moths, particularly those in the family Notodontidae. These caterpillars are known for their urticating hairs, which contain the thaumetopoeins. When disturbed, these caterpillars release these hairs, which can cause skin irritation, inflammation, and allergic reactions in humans and other animals. The symptoms can range from itching and redness to more severe reactions like blistering and respiratory problems.

The exact biochemical structure and mode of action of thaumetopoeins are still subjects of research. However, it is understood that they act as irritants by triggering an immune response. Studies have identified specific thaumetopoeins, and their potency can vary. Some species of caterpillars, like the oak processionary moth (Thaumetopoea processionea), are well-known for their urticating hairs and the associated health concerns. These caterpillars often form large processions, increasing the risk of exposure.

Control and prevention measures for thaumetopoein exposure typically involve avoiding contact with the caterpillars and their shed hairs. In areas with high populations of these caterpillars, protective clothing, masks, and gloves may be recommended. Removal of affected caterpillars or their nests is often carried out by professionals. Research continues to explore the precise mechanisms of thaumetopoein toxicity and potential treatments for exposure.