Textília

Textília is a term used in several languages to denote fabrics and textiles. It refers to materials made from natural, regenerated, or synthetic fibers that are processed into usable cloth by spinning, weaving, knitting, or nonwoven technologies. Textília covers a wide range of products, from everyday clothing fabrics to industrial and technical textiles.

Historically, textile production began in ancient civilizations with basic fibers spun into threads and woven into fabrics. The development of looms, spinning devices, and later mechanized processes enabled mass manufacture, especially during the Industrial Revolution. Today, textília includes natural fibers such as cotton, wool, silk, and linen, as well as synthetic fibers like polyester and nylon, and blends. Fabrics are categorized as woven, knitted, or nonwoven, each with characteristic properties.

Production typically involves fiber preparation, spinning into yarns, fabric formation (weaving or knitting), and finishing steps such as dyeing, printing, and surface treatments. Properties of textiles include strength, elasticity, absorbency, thermal insulation, and drapability, influencing their suitability for different applications.

Common applications of textília include apparel and fashion, home furnishings, and a wide range of technical textiles used in automotive, medical, filtration, and industrial sectors. Environmental and social considerations, such as fiber sourcing, water and energy use, dye chemistry, and recycling, are increasingly central to textile production.