Tetrametyylisilaani

Tetrametyylisilaani, known in English as tetramethylsilane (Si(CH3)4), is an organosilicon compound with a silicon atom bonded to four methyl groups. The molecule has a tetrahedral geometry and is primarily used in analytical chemistry as a reference standard for proton and carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy.

Tetramethylsilane is a volatile, colorless, nonpolar compound that is relatively inert under standard laboratory conditions. In NMR spectroscopy, it provides a single sharp resonance at 0.00 ppm for both 1H and 13C spectra, making it an ideal reference compound for chemical shift calibration and instrument normalization.

Synthesis of tetramethylsilane typically involves the methylation of silicon tetrachloride or related chlorosilane precursors. A common laboratory route uses a Grignard-type reaction of SiCl4 with methylmagnesium halide, followed by workup to produce Si(CH3)4.

In addition to its role as an NMR reference, tetramethylsilane has historical significance in the development of NMR spectroscopy and can be used as a solvent or internal standard in certain analytical applications, though it is most widely recognized for its calibrating utility.

Safety considerations include flammability and the potential for vapor inhalation; standard laboratory precautions apply, including proper ventilation and avoidance of ignition sources. It should be stored in suitable containers away from reactive materials and handled with appropriate personal protective equipment.