Tertbutüülrühm

Tert-butüülrühm, also known as t-butyl group, is a tertiary alkyl substituent derived from isobutane. It has the chemical formula −C(CH3)3. The central carbon atom is bonded to three methyl groups and the rest of the molecule. This structure gives the tert-butyl group significant steric bulk, meaning it occupies a considerable amount of space. This steric hindrance is a key characteristic that influences its chemical behavior and applications.

In organic chemistry, the tert-butyl group is frequently used as a protecting group for alcohols and carboxylic acids. Its bulkiness can prevent unwanted reactions at these functional groups. It can also be incorporated into molecules to increase their lipophilicity, making them more soluble in non-polar solvents. The tert-butyl group is a common feature in many pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, where its steric and electronic properties can be fine-tuned to achieve desired biological activity and pharmacokinetic profiles. The tert-butyl cation, (CH3)3C+, is a relatively stable carbocation due to hyperconjugation from the methyl groups, making it a useful intermediate in certain reactions.