Territorooriumile

Territorooriumile, also known as territorial waters, are the maritime zones surrounding a coastal state's land territory. These waters are subject to the state's sovereignty and are used to protect its marine environment and resources. The extent of territorial waters is typically 12 nautical miles (approximately 22 kilometers) from the baseline, which is the line used to measure the distance from the coast. This baseline is usually determined by the low-water mark along the coast, but it can also be defined by other criteria, such as the outer edge of the continental shelf or the archipelagic baseline.

Territorial waters are distinct from the contiguous zone, which extends from the outer edge of the territorial waters to 24 nautical miles (approximately 44 kilometers) from the baseline. The contiguous zone allows the coastal state to exercise control over activities that may affect the marine environment, such as fishing and pollution.

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) is the primary international treaty governing territorial waters. UNCLOS defines territorial waters as the area beyond the baseline extending to 12 nautical miles from the coast. The convention also establishes the rights and responsibilities of coastal states within their territorial waters, including the right to regulate the use of these waters and the responsibility to protect the marine environment.

Territorial waters are an essential aspect of maritime law and international relations, as they provide coastal states with a means to protect their marine resources and environment while also facilitating international navigation and trade. The management and governance of territorial waters are complex issues that require cooperation and negotiation among coastal states and other stakeholders.