Terpentin

Terpentin, commonly known as turpentine, is a volatile essential oil obtained primarily from the oleoresin of conifer trees, especially pines. It is a complex mixture of terpenes that serves as a powerful solvent and has a characteristic piney odor. In industry, the term turpentine refers to both crude distillates obtained from resin and the refined product used as a solvent.

Turpentine is produced by distilling resinous exudates from living trees or from wounded trunks. The crude distillate is often refined to remove heavier fractions. Its main components are monoterpene hydrocarbons, notably alpha-pinene and beta-pinene, with smaller amounts of delta-3-carene, limonene, and other terpenes.

Uses include widespread use as a solvent for oil-based paints, varnishes, and waxes, and as a chemical feedstock. It is also used in fragrance formulations and, historically, as lamp fuel and in traditional medicines; however, those uses have declined because of safety concerns.

Safety and handling: Turpentin is highly flammable and emits vapors that can irritate the eyes, skin, and respiratory system. Prolonged exposure may cause dermatitis or central nervous system effects. It should be used with adequate ventilation, stored in tightly closed containers away from heat, and disposed of in accordance with local regulations.