Termas

Termas are natural hot springs and the facilities built around them for bathing and relaxation. They form where groundwater is heated by geothermal processes and rises to the surface. The waters are often mineral-rich, containing sulfur, silica, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonates, and other dissolved substances. Temperatures vary from warm to hot, with many bath complexes offering pools cooled to comfortable levels. Some termas are isolated springs, while others are part of large spa resorts that include indoor and outdoor pools, saunas, mud treatments, and wellness programs. Throughout history, termas have played social, cultural, and therapeutic roles in many societies, from Roman thermae to modern spa towns.

Geography and culture: Termas occur around the world, especially in geothermally active regions such as Iceland, Japan, parts of Europe, and Latin America. Notable examples include Termas de Río Hondo in Argentina, and well-known onsen towns in Japan, as well as historic spa cities like Bath in England and Karlovy Vary in the Czech Republic. Today, termas remain important for tourism, health, and local economies, with many destinations balancing heritage with sustainable development.

Health, safety, and environment: Mineral composition varies by spring and influences taste, odor, and potential therapeutic claims. While soaking in mineral waters is culturally traditional, robust scientific evidence for specific health benefits is limited. Visitors should follow facility guidelines to prevent burns, dehydration, or infections. Sustainable management of groundwater resources and protection of springs are essential to prevent depletion and environmental impact.