Terapeutica

Terapeutica, or therapeutics, is the branch of medicine focused on the prevention, treatment and relief of disease, injury, and symptoms. It covers the selection, timing, and administration of interventions designed to cure or mitigate illness, slow its progression, or improve quality of life. The term encompasses both pharmacological therapies and nonpharmacological approaches.

Pharmacological therapies involve medicines such as antibiotics, analgesics, antihypertensives, antineoplastic agents, or biologics. Nonpharmacological modalities include surgery, radiation therapy, physical and occupational therapy, psychotherapy, diet and lifestyle changes, and supportive care. In many cases, therapeutic plans combine several modalities in a coordinated regimen.

Clinical therapeutics relies on evidence from research, clinical trials, and consensus guidelines to determine indications, dosing, duration, and monitoring. Decision making weighs expected benefits against risks, potential interactions, adherence, and patient preferences. Safety, quality, and cost-effectiveness are integral to practice.

Historically, therapeutics evolved from traditional remedies to modern pharmacology and medical technology. The 19th and 20th centuries saw the discovery of antibiotics, vaccines, and targeted therapies, while randomized controlled trials established standards for evaluating efficacy and safety.

Regulatory oversight, pharmacovigilance, and ethical conduct govern therapeutic development and use, including informed consent, risk-benefit assessment, and equitable access to care.