Tehiskiududes

Tehiskiududes is the Estonian term for synthetic fibers, i.e., man-made filaments derived from polymer materials used in textiles and technical fabrics. They are produced by polymerizing monomers and extruding the polymer through spinnerets to form continuous filaments, which are drawn and sometimes textured to improve strength and elasticity. Production methods include melt spinning for thermoplastics such as polyester (PET), nylon (polyamide), and polypropylene, as well as solution-based spinning (wet or dry) for other polymers and specialty fibers.

The category encompasses a broad range of fibers, including polyester, nylon, acrylic, and elastomeric fibers like spandex, as well as newer bio-based or recycled polymers. Tehiskiududes offer high tensile strength, durability, and resistance to wrinkling and moisture, with varying levels of elasticity and thermal stability. Their properties are tailored through polymer chemistry and fiber finishing.

Common applications span clothing and fashion textiles, home furnishings, carpets, geotextiles, and industrial fabrics such as filters and reinforcements. They may also be used in medical textiles and composites when combined with resins.

Environmental considerations are important: tehiskiududes are typically derived from petrochemicals, and their production and end-of-life contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and microplastic pollution. Recycling options exist, including mechanical recycling of PET fibers and chemical recycling of certain polymers, but collection and processing infrastructure varies by region. Ongoing research aims to improve sustainability, including bio-based polymers, recycling efficiency, and fiber-to-fiber recycling loops.