Tegenkaders

Tegenkaders, also known as counterclockwise spirals or counterclockwise whorls, are a type of fingerprint pattern characterized by ridges that form a spiral pattern moving in the opposite direction to the typical clockwise rotation. This pattern is less common than the more typical clockwise spirals, loops, and arches. Tegenkaders are found in approximately 10% of the population, with a higher prevalence in certain ethnic groups, such as those of African descent.

The formation of tegenkaders is believed to be influenced by genetic factors, as well as environmental influences during fetal development. The pattern is typically symmetrical, with the core of the spiral located near the center of the fingerprint. Tegenkaders can be further classified into two types: plain tegenkaders, which have a single spiral pattern, and double tegenkaders, which have two spirals.

Tegenkaders have been the subject of various studies, particularly in the fields of forensics and genetics. In forensic science, the unique nature of tegenkaders can aid in individual identification. In genetics, the pattern has been used to study the inheritance of fingerprint traits and to investigate the genetic basis of fingerprint development. Despite their rarity, tegenkaders contribute to the diversity of human fingerprint patterns and provide valuable insights into human biology.