Tazaroteeni

Tazaroteeni, known in English as tazarotene, is a synthetic topical retinoid used in dermatology. It acts as an agonist of retinoic acid receptors, with activity mainly at RAR-β and RAR-γ, and is available in cream and gel formulations. By modulating keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation, tazarotene helps normalize follicular plugging and inflammation in affected skin.

Its primary indications are acne vulgaris and plaque psoriasis. In acne, tazarotene reduces comedones, inflammatory lesions, and overall severity on the face and sometimes the trunk. In plaque psoriasis, it improves plaque thickness, scaling, and erythema. It may be used alone or as part of combination therapy, depending on regional approval and clinical guidelines. Some off-label or investigational uses include treatment of other keratinization disorders and photodamaged skin, though evidence varies by condition.

Administration is topical, usually applied once daily at night in a thin layer. Starting with the 0.05% formulation can help minimize irritation, with potential titration to 0.1% based on response and tolerance. Patients should avoid contact with eyes, lips, mucous membranes, and other sensitive areas. Sunscreen and sun protection are recommended due to increased photosensitivity. The product can interact with irritants and certain concurrent therapies; for example, benzoyl peroxide can reduce tazarotene activity and may increase irritation, so clinicians may advise separate applications.

Safety considerations include pregnancy and lactation: tazarotene is teratogenic and contraindicated in pregnancy; women of childbearing potential should use effective contraception during treatment and for a period after discontinuation. Common adverse effects are local irritation, including erythema, dryness, scaling, and burning; less frequent effects include pruritus or edema. Systemic side effects are rare due to minimal systemic absorption.