Tats

Tats are permanent markings or designs created by inserting pigment into the dermis with needles. The word commonly refers to tattooing as a practice, though "tatts" is informal shorthand for individual tattoos. Modern tattooing combines art and technique to produce a wide range of images, styles, and sizes.

Tattooing has ancient roots in many cultures. Polynesian, Māori, and Filipino traditions developed intricate body markings with cultural meanings. In Japan, irezumi has long historical roots, while in Europe and the Americas, modern tattooing emerged in the 18th and 19th centuries, aided by the introduction of the electric tattoo machine in the late 19th century by Samuel O’Reilly. Since then, tattooing has grown into a global art form with diverse studios and professional standards.

The design landscape includes traditional (old school), neo-traditional, realism, Japanese irezumi and horimono, tribal, biomechanical, watercolor, script, and illustrative styles, among others. Tattoos are applied with a machine using sterilized needles and single-use tubes; aftercare aims to keep the wound clean and prevent infection. Many artists sketch designs beforehand and may adapt ideas to skin tone and anatomy.

Safety and regulation vary by country. Licensed studios typically follow hygiene rules, use disposable needles, and provide aftercare guidance. Potential risks include infection, allergic reactions to pigments, and scarring. Some pigments can cause MRI artifacts or skin reactions in rare cases.

Culturally, tattoos have shifted from stigmatized to mainstream in many regions, reflecting personal, aesthetic, or commemorative purposes. Some individuals later seek removal through laser therapy. Tattooing remains regulated in many jurisdictions, with ongoing debates about age restrictions and consent, body autonomy, and workplace policies.