Tartratism

Tartratism refers to a collection of symptoms that can arise from excessive consumption of tartaric acid or tartrate salts. Tartaric acid is a naturally occurring organic acid found in many fruits, most notably grapes, and is commonly used as a food additive, particularly in baking powders and as an acidulant in beverages and confectionery. Tartrate salts, such as potassium bitartrate (cream of tartar) and Rochelle salt (potassium sodium tartrate), are also derived from tartaric acid.

The symptoms of tartratism are generally mild and can include gastrointestinal upset such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. In rare cases, particularly with very high doses or in individuals with pre-existing kidney conditions, more severe effects like electrolyte imbalances or kidney stones have been reported. The body metabolizes tartaric acid poorly, and excess amounts are typically excreted unchanged in the urine.

Diagnosis of tartratism is usually based on a history of high tartrate intake and the presence of characteristic symptoms. Treatment primarily involves discontinuing the source of excessive tartrate consumption and managing any dehydration or electrolyte disturbances. Due to the widespread use of tartaric acid and its salts in food, significant cases of tartratism are uncommon. Most individuals can tolerate normal dietary levels of tartaric acid without experiencing any adverse effects.