Tarnetsüklite

Tarnetsüklite, also known as the "tarnet cycle" or "tarnet succession," refers to a natural ecological process observed in certain high-altitude or high-latitude environments, particularly in the Baltic region, including parts of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. The term originates from the Estonian word *tarn* (meaning "bog" or "mire") and describes the gradual transformation of wetland ecosystems over time.

This succession typically begins in nutrient-poor, waterlogged areas where peat accumulation occurs. Initially, open water bodies or shallow wetlands dominate the landscape. Over decades or centuries, organic matter accumulates, leading to the formation of peat layers. As peat builds up, the water table rises, creating conditions for the establishment of pioneer plant species such as sphagnum mosses and sedges. These plants gradually stabilize the substrate, allowing further vegetation to develop.

As the peat layer thickens, the ecosystem transitions into a more mature bog or fen. Woody plants, such as dwarf shrubs and eventually small trees like birch or pine, may begin to colonize the area. This stage is characterized by a mix of open water, peat, and vegetation, creating a mosaic landscape. In some cases, the process continues until the wetland becomes fully terrestrialized, forming a forest or dryland habitat.

Tarnetsüklite is influenced by factors such as climate, hydrology, and human activity. Natural disturbances, such as droughts or fires, can reset the succession process. Historically, human interventions, such as drainage or harvesting of peat, have altered or disrupted these natural cycles. Conservation efforts in the region aim to preserve these unique ecosystems, recognizing their ecological importance and biodiversity value.