Tamils

Tamils are an ethnolinguistic group native to Tamil Nadu in southern India and to the northern and eastern regions of Sri Lanka. They also form sizable diaspora communities in Malaysia, Singapore, Mauritius, Fiji, South Africa, and various countries in Europe and the Americas. The group is characterized by a common language, Tamil, and a long-standing cultural heritage.

Language and literature: Tamil is a Dravidian language with a continuous literary tradition dating back more than two thousand years. Classical Tamil literature, including Sangam works, codified early poetry, ethics, and grammar, and the Tirukkural remains a foundational text. Modern Tamil is spoken by hundreds of millions and uses the Tamil script.

History: The Tamil-speaking regions, sometimes called Tamilakam, have a history of ancient kingdoms such as the Chera, Chola, and Pandya dynasties, known for trade, temple architecture, and literature. Maritime connections across the Indian Ocean linked Tamil culture to Southeast Asia. Under colonial rule, Tamil-speaking populations participated in migration and reform movements; later, migration intensified in various countries.

Cultural and social life: Hinduism is the most widely practiced faith among Tamils, with substantial Muslim and Christian minorities. Tamil identity is reinforced through festivals such as Pongal, distinct musical and dance traditions (Carnatic music, Bharatanatyam), cinema (Tamil cinema, or Kollywood), and a distinctive cuisine featuring rice, lentils, and spices.

Diaspora and contemporary issues: In Sri Lanka, Tamils have played a central role in civil conflict history and politics, seeking greater autonomy and rights; the war ended in 2009. Global Tamil communities maintain schools, media, and cultural organizations, contributing to local economies and transnational networks. In India, Tamils have been influential in politics, education, and the arts, with a strong regional and linguistic identity.