Talajrétegnek

Talajrétegnek, also known as soil horizon, is a distinct layer within the soil profile, characterized by its unique physical, chemical, and biological properties. These horizons are formed through various processes such as weathering, leaching, and biological activity over long periods. The most common soil horizons are:

1. O horizon: This is the topmost layer, composed mainly of organic material such as leaf litter, humus, and other decomposing plant and animal matter.

2. A horizon: Also known as the topsoil, this layer is rich in organic matter and nutrients, and is where most plant roots grow.

3. E horizon: This layer is characterized by the loss of clay and other fine particles, often resulting in a lighter color and a more porous structure.

4. B horizon: This is the subsoil layer, often enriched with minerals and nutrients leached from the A horizon above.

5. C horizon: This layer is composed of weathered parent material, such as rock or sediment, and is less developed than the horizons above.

6. R horizon: This is the bedrock layer, which is the solid rock beneath the soil profile.

The thickness and characteristics of these horizons can vary greatly depending on factors such as climate, parent material, and time. Soil horizons play a crucial role in determining the soil's fertility, drainage, and overall health, making them an essential aspect of soil science and land management.