Taivutusjännning

Taivutusjännning, also known as bending stress, is a mechanical engineering term that describes the internal stress experienced by a material when it is subjected to a bending load. This stress varies across the cross-section of the object, with the maximum stress occurring at the outermost fibers of the material and zero stress at the neutral axis.

When a beam or other structural element is subjected to a force that causes it to bend, one side of the element is compressed while the other side is stretched. The internal forces that resist this deformation are known as bending stresses. These stresses can be tensile (pulling apart) or compressive (pushing together). The distribution of these stresses is not uniform; it follows a linear pattern across the cross-section, increasing in magnitude as the distance from the neutral axis increases.

The magnitude of bending stress is directly proportional to the applied bending moment and inversely proportional to the section modulus of the material's cross-section. The section modulus is a geometric property that depends on the shape and dimensions of the cross-section. Understanding and calculating bending stress is crucial in designing structures and mechanical components to ensure they can withstand applied loads without failure. Excessive bending stress can lead to yielding or fracture of the material.