TORC2Komplexes

TORC2Komplexes, also known as the Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 (TORC2), is a crucial signaling pathway in eukaryotic cells. It is one of two distinct multi-protein complexes that contain the conserved serine/threonine kinase mTOR (mechanistic Target of Rapamycin). Unlike TORC1, which is primarily known for its role in cell growth, nutrient sensing, and protein synthesis, TORC2 plays a more complex and multifaceted role in cellular regulation.

The core components of TORC2 include mTOR, the regulatory protein Rictor (rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR), and other associated proteins like mSIN1, protor-1, and DEPTOR. This complex is sensitive to rapamycin only under specific conditions, distinguishing it from TORC1's well-established sensitivity.

TORC2 is intimately involved in regulating the actin cytoskeleton, influencing cell shape, migration, and cell polarity. It phosphorylates downstream targets such as Akt, a key protein in cell survival and growth pathways, although the specific mechanisms and consequences differ from TORC1's Akt activation. Furthermore, TORC2 has been implicated in metabolic regulation, ribosome biogenesis, and stress response. Dysregulation of TORC2 signaling has been linked to various diseases, including cancer and metabolic disorders, making it an active area of research for therapeutic intervention.