TNKcells

TNK cells, also known as T helper 1 (Th1) cells, are a subset of T lymphocytes that play a crucial role in the adaptive immune response. They are differentiated from naive T helper cells (Th0 cells) under the influence of cytokines such as interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). The primary function of TNK cells is to orchestrate cell-mediated immunity, particularly against intracellular pathogens like viruses and bacteria.

Upon activation, TNK cells produce a characteristic cytokine profile, with IFN-γ being a key effector molecule. IFN-γ has pleiotropic effects, including activating macrophages to enhance their phagocytic and microbicidal capabilities, promoting the expression of MHC class I molecules on target cells to improve antigen presentation, and stimulating B cells to produce antibodies. TNK cells also produce other cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and IL-2, which contribute to inflammation and T cell proliferation, respectively.

The development and function of TNK cells are vital for clearing infections and maintaining immune homeostasis. Dysregulation of TNK cell activity can contribute to various diseases, including autoimmune disorders and immunodeficiency. Research into TNK cells continues to deepen our understanding of immune system mechanisms and explore potential therapeutic targets for immune-related diseases.