T3SSYop
T3SSYop is a term used to describe the set of Yersinia outer proteins (Yops) that are secreted by the bacterium’s Type III secretion system (T3SS). The Yop family comprises effector proteins injected into host cells to manipulate signaling, cytoskeletal organization, vesicle trafficking, and innate immune responses, thereby promoting bacterial survival and dissemination. Yersinia species such as Y. pestis, Y. enterocolitica, and Y. pseudotuberculosis encode a T3SS on the pYV plasmid, and expression of yop genes is regulated by environmental cues, including temperature near host body conditions and calcium availability.
The T3SS is a syringe-like complex with a basal body in the bacterial envelope, a needle, and
In research, Yops are used to study host-pathogen interactions and the virulence strategies of Gram-negative bacteria.