Tüdtágulást

Tüdtágulást, also known as emphysema, is a lung condition that causes shortness of breath. It is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In emphysema, the air sacs in the lungs, called alveoli, are damaged. These sacs are responsible for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide. When the alveoli are damaged, they lose their elasticity, making it difficult for the lungs to expel air. This trapped air leads to a feeling of breathlessness.

The most common cause of emphysema is long-term exposure to airborne irritants, particularly cigarette smoke. Other causes include exposure to air pollution, chemical fumes, and dust. In rare cases, emphysema can be inherited.

Symptoms of emphysema include chronic cough, shortness of breath that worsens over time, wheezing, and chest tightness. In advanced stages, individuals may experience unintentional weight loss and fatigue. The damage to the lungs from emphysema is irreversible.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, lung function tests (spirometry), and imaging studies such as chest X-rays or CT scans. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, slowing the progression of the disease, and improving quality of life. This may include smoking cessation, medications such as bronchodilators and corticosteroids, pulmonary rehabilitation programs, and in severe cases, oxygen therapy or surgery. While there is no cure for emphysema, early diagnosis and consistent management can help individuals live fuller lives.