Säteilynsuojelu

Säteilynsuojelu refers to the protection of people and the environment from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation. It is a critical field that encompasses various principles and practices aimed at minimizing radiation exposure. The fundamental principles of radiation protection are justification, optimization, and dose limitation. Justification means that any practice involving exposure to radiation should provide a net benefit to society that outweighs the radiation detriment. Optimization, often referred to as ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable), dictates that radiation doses should be kept as low as is practically possible, considering social and economic factors. Dose limitation sets maximum permissible doses for individuals that should not be exceeded.

Sources of radiation exposure can be natural, such as cosmic rays and terrestrial radioactivity, or artificial, arising from medical procedures like X-rays and CT scans, nuclear power plants, and industrial applications. Säteilynsuojelu measures are implemented to control exposure from both natural and artificial sources. This includes engineering controls, such as shielding and ventilation, administrative controls, like work procedures and time limitations, and the use of personal protective equipment. Monitoring radiation levels and individual doses is also a crucial aspect of säteilynsuojelu. Regulatory bodies establish standards and guidelines to ensure that radiation protection practices are effective and that the public and workers are adequately protected. International organizations like the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) play a significant role in developing recommendations and guiding national policies on radiation safety.