Szövetgraftokat

Szövetgraftokat, commonly referred to as tissue grafts, are biological materials used in medical procedures to replace, repair, or augment damaged or missing tissues within the body. These grafts can be sourced from a patient's own body (autograft), a genetically identical donor like a twin (isograft), a different individual of the same species (allograft), or from a different species (xenograft). The choice of graft material depends on the specific medical application and the desired outcome.

Autografts are generally considered the gold standard because they eliminate the risk of immune rejection. Common examples include skin grafts for burn victims and bone grafts for fracture repair. Allografts, such as those used in organ transplantation or ligament reconstruction, require immunosuppressive medications to prevent the recipient's immune system from attacking the donor tissue. Xenografts, while less common due to a higher risk of rejection and potential for disease transmission, can be used in certain situations, for instance, porcine heart valves.

The process of preparing and implanting tissue grafts is a complex surgical procedure. Sterilization, preservation, and careful handling are crucial to ensure the graft's viability and to minimize complications. Tissue engineering is an evolving field that aims to create functional tissues in the lab for grafting purposes, potentially reducing reliance on donor sources and improving graft outcomes. The success of a tissue graft is evaluated based on its integration with the host tissue, functional recovery, and long-term durability.