Szenzortípusok

Szenzortípusok, or sensor types, refer to the various categories of devices used to detect and respond to changes in their environment. These changes can be physical, chemical, or biological. The fundamental purpose of a sensor is to convert a physical phenomenon into an electrical signal that can be interpreted by a computer or other electronic system.

One common classification is based on the physical quantity they measure. Temperature sensors, such as thermocouples and thermistors, detect variations in heat. Pressure sensors measure force applied per unit area. Light sensors, like photodiodes and photoresistors, respond to the intensity of light. Motion sensors can detect movement using various principles, including infrared detection (PIR) or microwave sensing.

Another way to categorize sensors is by their operating principle. Resistive sensors change their electrical resistance in response to a stimulus. Capacitive sensors alter their capacitance. Inductive sensors work by changing inductance. Optical sensors utilize light, while chemical sensors detect the presence or concentration of specific substances.

Sensors can also be classified as active or passive. Active sensors require an external power source to operate, emitting energy and then detecting its reflection or absorption. Passive sensors, on the other hand, do not require an external power source and detect naturally occurring energy, such as ambient light or heat.

The choice of sensor type depends heavily on the specific application, the required accuracy, the environmental conditions, and cost considerations. They are integral components in a vast array of technologies, from industrial automation and automotive systems to consumer electronics and medical devices.