Szenolítikumok

Szenolítikumok, also known as senolytics, are a class of drugs that selectively eliminate senescent cells. Senescent cells are cells that have stopped dividing but remain metabolically active, often accumulating in tissues with age. These cells can contribute to various age-related diseases and functional decline by releasing inflammatory molecules and promoting tissue damage.

The concept of senolytics arose from the observation that senescent cells have unique molecular targets that can be exploited for their removal. Researchers have identified several pathways and mechanisms that contribute to the survival of senescent cells, and senolytic drugs are designed to disrupt these processes. Examples of senolytic mechanisms include inducing apoptosis (programmed cell death) in senescent cells, interfering with their anti-apoptotic signaling, or targeting specific proteins that are overexpressed in senescent cells.

Preclinical studies in animal models have shown promising results with senolytic treatment. These studies have demonstrated improvements in various age-related conditions, including cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis, frailty, and cognitive decline. By clearing senescent cells, senolytics have been shown to reduce inflammation, improve tissue function, and extend healthspan in these models.

Clinical trials investigating the safety and efficacy of senolytics in humans are ongoing. These trials are exploring senolytics for a range of age-related conditions, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, osteoarthritis, and cardiovascular disease. While the field is still in its early stages, senolytics represent a novel therapeutic strategy with the potential to address the underlying mechanisms of aging and age-related diseases. Further research and clinical validation are crucial to determine their full therapeutic value and safety profile.