Szemfenék

Szemfenék is the Hungarian term for the fundus of the eye. It refers to the interior surface of the eye, opposite the lens and including the retina, optic disc, macula, and blood vessels. Examination of the szemfenék is a crucial part of a comprehensive eye examination and is performed using an ophthalmoscope or a slit lamp with special lenses.

The retina, the light-sensitive tissue lining the back of the eye, is a key component of the szemfenék. It contains photoreceptor cells, rods and cones, which convert light into electrical signals. These signals are then transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve, allowing for vision. The optic disc, also known as the blind spot, is where the optic nerve exits the eye. It lacks photoreceptors and therefore cannot detect light.

The macula, a small, specialized area within the retina, is responsible for sharp, central vision, crucial for activities like reading and recognizing faces. It contains a high concentration of cone cells. The blood vessels visible on the szemfenék, the retinal arteries and veins, supply nutrients and oxygen to the retina and can reveal signs of systemic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension.

Changes observed in the szemfenék can indicate a variety of eye conditions and diseases, including glaucoma, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and hypertensive retinopathy. Early detection and monitoring of these conditions often rely on a thorough assessment of the szemfenék.