Szaktárgyak

Szaktárgyak (literally "specialty subjects") is a term used in Hungarian education to denote disciplinary, subject-specific courses that develop knowledge and skills in a particular field. The expression covers both general academic subjects such as mathematics, history and languages, and vocational or technical subjects taught in specialized secondary and tertiary programs.

In schools the distinction between alap tantárgyak (core subjects) and szaktárgyak often reflects curriculum design: szaktárgyak provide depth in a chosen area and prepare learners for further study, professional training or specific qualifications. In vocational education they include practical and theoretical modules linked to particular trades, while in gymnasiums and universities they constitute the main components of a study program.

Szaktárgyak are regulated through national curricula and qualification frameworks that specify learning outcomes, competency standards and assessment methods. Teachers of szaktárgyak typically require subject-specific pedagogical and professional qualifications. Assessment may combine classroom testing, practical tasks and standardized national exams such as the érettségi (secondary school leaving exam).

Recent trends affecting szaktárgyak include interdisciplinary integration, competency-based approaches, digital tools and alignment with labor market needs. Debates around curriculum reform often focus on balancing subject depth with transferable skills, ensuring teacher preparedness, and maintaining equitable access to specialized instruction across different regions and school types.